TUCSON, Arizona, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Arizona's Health Sciences issued the following news release: By Phil Villarreal Researchers will collaborate with entities worldwide to develop protocols and practices that ensure control over collection, use, storage and sharing of data related to Indigenous communities stays with the people it affects. Researchers at the University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and the U of A Native Nations Institute are est more PR

NEW YORK, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Barnard College issued the following news: * * * In her latest book, research scholar Nancy Woloch shines a historical light on the roles that women have played as agents of change. * * * Nancy Woloch is a research scholar in Barnard's History Department who specializes in U.S. women's history, legal history, and the history of education in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Her latest book, Women and the American Experience: A Concise History, illuminates  more PR

MILWAUKEE, Wisconsin, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Wisconsin's Milwaukee Campus issued the following news release: The U.S. Department of Energy has awarded a $5.7 million grant to UWM's College of Engineering & Applied Science to boost the number of Industrial Training Assessment Centers (ITAC) in the Midwest. These centers provide workers with skills in energy assessment, allowing the manufacturing sector to step up its use of technologies to reduce energy consumption. UWM was selec more PR

LONDON, England, Aug. 12 (TNSres) -- City St George's, University of London issued the following news: * * * Bayes researchers identify the best indicators to monitor market risk in different commercial real estate sectors * * * By Chris Mahony, Senior Communications Officer The most reliable metrics for identifying real estate price bubbles vary between property type, new research suggests. Academics from Bayes Business School (part of City St George's, University of London) found that th more PR

BEREA, Ohio, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Baldwin Wallace University issued the following news on Aug. 12, 2024: * * * Cuyahoga County librarian Bill Kelly '91 crossed paths with James Patterson during a book tour, and everything changed. * * * Being a curious person and an avid reader does not always change the trajectory of a life, but it did for Bill Kelly '91. Growing up in Northeast Ohio, Kelly was always a voracious reader, and his love for a liberal arts education led him to Baldwin Wallace more PR

BAKERSFIELD, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- California State University-Bakersfield issued the following news: * * * Research projects include topics in biology, computer science and engineering * * * Earlier this summer, California State University, Bakersfield partnered with Bakersfield College for a five-week research program that gave 47 students hands-on lab and field experience, working alongside biology, computer science and engineering professors from both schools. The BC/CSUB Summ more PR

BRIDGEWATER, Virginia, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Bridgewater College issued the following news release: Approximately $37,000 in funding for summer research projects were awarded to Bridgewater College students to conduct research under the mentorship of a faculty member throughout the summer. Funding was provided by the Martin Science Research Institute and The Research Experience @ Bridgewater (TREB). Recipients of these awards receive free on-campus housing for the duration of their research alon more PR

CRANFIELD, England, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Cranfield University issued the following news release: Cranfield University is part of a new national hub focused on rapidly decarbonising transport in the UK using digital twinning. The TransiT research hub is a collaboration of six universities and 67 industry partners, jointly led by Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh and the University of Glasgow. TransiT will identify the lowest cost, least risky and most energy-efficient way to decarbonise transp more PR

DARTMOUTH, Massachusetts, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Massachusetts School of Law issued the following news release: * * * Professor Justine Dunlap authors a chapter on her experience creating a contemplative pedagogy faculty learning community at UMass Dartmouth. * * * UMass Law Professor Justine Dunlap has a chapter in the recently released book Expanding the Vision of Faculty Learning Communities in Higher Education (https://www.infoagepub.com/products/Expanding-the-Vision-of-Fa more PR

JOONDALUP, Australia, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Edith Cowan University issued the following news: * * * Two outstanding early-to-mid career researchers from ECU have been recognised with the esteemed Young Tall Poppy Science Awards for 2024. * * * ECU's Dr Brennen Mills, Senior Lecturer and Lead, Simulation & Immersive Digital Technology Group (SIDTG) in the School of Medical & Health Sciences (SMHS), and Dr Liezhou Zhong Post Doctoral Research Fellow at Nutrition & Health Innovation Research Inst more PR

DURHAM, North Carolina, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Duke University Pratt School of Engineering issued the following news: * * * A new grant awarded to a Duke-Cambridge team attacks the challenges of creating digital twins of geometrically complex systems * * * Over the past couple of decades, computers have become more powerful, simulation techniques have become more sophisticated, and sensors have become smaller and more accurate. This combination has given rise to a concept called a "digital twin more PR

SWANSEA, Wales, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Swansea University issued the following news: A new study has revealed important information about how a patient's testosterone level can help protect them from severe Covid-19. Previous research involving Swansea University investigated how sex hormones are likely to be important determinants of Covid-19 severity. Now digit ratio expert Professor John Manning, of the Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) research team, has been working more PR

SYDNEY, Australia, Aug. 12 (TNSres) -- The University of New South Wales issued the following news: A UNSW Australian Human Rights Institute report shows Australia's fossil fuel exports are a significant contributor to global warming. Australia presents itself as a small player in global climate change. Its population is small and its percentage of global emissions is a comparatively low 1.1%. But when the emissions from Australia's fossil fuel exports are added to its domestic emissions, Aust more PR

FULLERTON, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- California State University Fullerton campus issued the following news release: * * * New Program Fosters Black Student Success in Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities * * * Cal State Fullerton senior Domonique Beck is working on her first research project that addresses prison abolition to inform her work as a future criminal defense attorney. Beck chose her research topic based on her internship work last summer for the California Innoc more PR

BLOOMINGTON, Indiana, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Indiana University issued the following news release: For decades, medical scientists struggled to find an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Recently, new drugs have emerged that can slow the cognitive decline. Indiana University researchers have been at the forefront of this progress, providing hope to the more than 6.7 million Americans living with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias, and millions more worldwide. When the first diseas more PR

NEW HAVEN, Connecticut, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Yale University issued the following news: * * * An ancient building in modern day Syria has long been considered an example of what is known as a domestic "house church." But a new study challenges this idea. * * * By Lisa Prevost Since its discovery by modern researchers a century ago, an ancient structure known as the "Christian building" has become widely considered the cornerstone of early Christian architecture. Constructed around 232 C.E. i more PR

NEW YORK, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- New York University issued the following news release: * * * A new report by NYU's Center on International Cooperation examines global polarization driven by "divisive entrepreneurs" and proposes solutions to counter these effects * * * A new report by the Pathfinders for Peace, Just, and Inclusive Societies at NYU's Center on International Cooperation (CIC) explores escalating global fragmentation, the dynamics fueling this trend, and emerging solutions to coun more PR

NEW HAVEN, Connecticut, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Yale University issued the following news: * * * Yale researchers unveil new findings related to green health care, brain processes that affect delusional thoughts, and the size of ancient sea scorpions. * * * This month, our Yale research itinerary includes a "giant" discovery about ancient sea predators, an examination of health equity for LGBTQI+ communities, and new insights into how certain brain processes contribute to different types of delu more PR

LEEDS, England, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Leeds Trinity University issued the following news: * * * The School of Criminology, Investigation and Policing at Leeds Trinity University is launching the International Journal of Criminology and Policing Education (IJCPE) with a call for submissions. * * * The journal combines academic expertise and operational practice and will focus on student research, providing firsthand opportunities for knowledge gathering across a range of voices in policing. Th more PR

LA JOLLA, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of California San Diego campus issued the following news: * * * The findings could enhance monitoring efforts for harmful algal blooms, and unlock potential for new medicines or materials * * * While seeking to unravel how marine algae create their chemically complex toxins, scientists at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography have discovered the largest protein yet identified in biology. Uncovering the biological machinery more PR

AURORA, Colorado, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Colorado Boulder Anschutz Medical Campus issued the following news release: * * * Researchers call attention to treating symptoms even if blood panels return normal * * * A new study found that most routine laboratory tests are not reliable for diagnosing Long COVID, also known as Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). The study, published today in Annals of Internal Medicine, found no reliable biomarker among 25 routine c more PR

BOCHUM, Germany, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University in Bochum issued the following news release: Nanotubes can serve as biosensors. They change their fluorescence when they bind to certain molecules. Until now, it was unclear why. Researchers have gained new insights into the cause of the fluorescence. Researchers from Bochum and Texas have discovered why carbon nanotubes fluoresce when they bind to certain molecules. Nanotubes are considered promising biosensors that could be useful for blood more PR

ADELAIDE, Australia, Aug. 12 (TNSres) -- The University of South Australia issued the following news release: A new Australian study has identified why a diet rich in magnesium is so important for our health, reducing the risk of DNA damage and chronic degenerative disorders. Scientists from the University of South Australia measured blood samples from 172 middle aged adults, finding a strong link between low magnesium levels and high amounts of a genotoxic amino acid called homocysteine. Thi more PR

COLLEGE STATION, Texas, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Texas A&M University's College of Engineering issued the following news: * * * Texas A&M researchers have received an NIH grant to investigate if extracellular vesicles can be used as a therapeutic intervention for type 1 diabetes. * * * Within each of us lies an army of cells whose topmost duty is protecting against external pathogens and internal threats such as proliferating cancer cells. Yet, immune cells can sometimes erroneously attack the bo more PR

CAMBRIDGE, Maryland, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science issued the following news release: A research team from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES) published a paper, entitled, "Persistent species relationships characterize migrating bird communities across stopover sites and seasons," in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences today. Joely DeSimone, a postdoctoral researcher, and Emily Cohen, an associate more PR

CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The Massachusetts Institute of Technology issued the following news: * * * Large multi-ring-containing molecules known as oligocyclotryptamines have never been produced in the lab until now. * * * By Anne Trafton, MIT News MIT chemists have developed a new way to synthesize complex molecules that were originally isolated from plants and could hold potential as antibiotics, analgesics, or cancer drugs. These compounds, known as oligocyclotryptam more PR

CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The Massachusetts Institute of Technology issued the following news: * * * The innovation, which employs beeswax to maintain consistent heating, is the result of three years of co-design with Cameroonian poultry farmers. * * * By Lisa Capone, MIT D-Lab MIT D-Lab students and instructors are improving the efficacy and economics of a brooder technology for newborn chicks that utilizes a practical, local resource: beeswax. Developed through part more PR

CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The Massachusetts Institute of Technology issued the following news: * * * An MIT-led group shows how to achieve precise control over the properties of Weyl semimetals and other exotic substances. * * * By Steve Nadis, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Quantum materials -- those with electronic properties that are governed by the principles of quantum mechanics, such as correlation and entanglement -- can exhibit exotic behaviors un more PR

CAMBRIDGE, Massachusetts, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The Massachusetts Institute of Technology issued the following news: * * * Historian Caley Horan studies commerce and uncertainty in modern American life. * * * By Peter Dizikes, MIT News Some people think the world is wildly unpredictable, and are glad insurance can handle the risk and uncertainty they face. Other people believe their destiny is written in the stars, and consult a daily horoscope to reveal what is in store for them. Either wa more PR

PLYMOUTH, England, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Plymouth issued the following news: * * * The University of Plymouth will be delivering the INSIGHT programme for early career health and social care professionals * * * The University of Plymouth is delivering a new multi-million-pound programme to encourage more students and health and social care professionals into research careers. The INSIGHT: Inspiring Students into Research programme is funded by the National Institute for Hea more PR

DALLAS, Texas, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center issued the following news release: * * * Young players suffering head-to-ground impact on grass have more - and worse - symptoms than those on artificial turf, UT Southwestern study finds * * * Young football players who sustained a head-to-ground concussion practicing or playing games on natural grass experienced more symptoms - and significantly higher severity - than those who suffered concussions on ar more PR

BAYREUTH, Germany, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Bayreuth issued the following news release: The German Research Foundation (DFG) has accepted Dr. Florian Pohl into the Emmy Noether Program. Associated with the Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 1357 Microplastics at the University of Bayreuth, the junior research group is researching microplastic transport, fragmentation and the release of chemical additives. The new Emmy Noether Group is integrated into an excellent scientific envir more PR

TRIESTE, Italy, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The International School for Advanced Studies (Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati) issued the following news: A recent study published in Physical Review Letters reveals that quantum systems with long-range interactions exhibit different behaviours under various thermodynamic conditions. Specifically, these systems show distinct properties when placed in a heat bath (canonical ensemble) compared to when their energy is fixed (microcanonical ens more PR

LONDON, England, Aug. 12 (TNSres) -- The University College London issued the following news: * * * A new construction biomaterial that uses living microorganisms to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been developed by a UCL graduate student and colleagues. * * * The biomaterial, developed by a master's student in the UCL Bio-Integrated Design programme, could dramatically reduce the construction industry's carbon footprint if mass produced and widely adopted. It was unveiled as more PR

CEREDIGION, Wales, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Aberystwyth University issued the following news: A new radar being built in Scandinavia will be used by researchers at Aberystwyth University to capture three-dimensional measurements of the Northern Lights for the very first time. Dramatic pictures of the Northern Lights (aurora borealis) were recently captured across the UK as a significant solar storm struck the Earth's atmosphere. Space weather forecasters are predicting similar scenes later this we more PR

HOUSTON, Texas, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Texas's MD Anderson Cancer Center issued the following news release: Natural killer (NK) cells engineered to express interleukin-21 (IL-21) demonstrated sustained antitumor activity against glioblastoma stem cell-like cells (GSCs) both in vitro and in vivo, according to new research from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The preclinical findings, published today in Cancer Cell, represent the first evidence that engineering  more PR

LOWELL, Massachusetts, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Massachusetts Lowell campus issued the following news release: * * * UMass Lowell, UMaine Researchers Turn Wood Biomass into Sustainable Jet Fuel, Fish Food * * * As Maine's paper production industry continues to decline, the Pine Tree State's forest floors remain littered with millions of pounds of low-value wood products including pulp, shavings, small-diameter trees and branches. While these materials lay prone, the likelihood o more PR

RALEIGH, North Carolina, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- North Carolina State University issued the following news release: Researchers are calling on the social work community to begin incorporating a methodology called "discrete choice experiments" (DCEs) into their research, to better understand the needs and preferences of key stakeholders. This technique is well established in other fields but is rarely used in social work. "Social workers need to engage with a wide variety of stakeholders, from poli more PR

LA JOLLA, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of California San Diego campus issued the following news: * * * Higher water temperatures accelerate spread of deadly virus, killing Pacific oysters and threatening aquaculture operations * * * New research led by scientists at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography reveals how rising water temperatures influence a deadly herpes virus in juvenile Pacific oysters in San Diego Bay. While the ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1) does  more PR

ESSEX, England, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Essex Institute for Social and Economic Research issued the following news: Dr Annalivia Polselli has been awarded a prestigious British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship for her research into using AI methods for policy analysis. Dr Polselli is a researcher in the Methods and Machine Learning team of ISER's ESRC Research Centre on MicroSocial Change (MiSoC) The British Academy has awarded 45 Postdoctoral Fellowships to outstanding early care more PR

HAMILTON, Ontario, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- McMaster University issued the following news: By Adam Ward An international team of researchers co-led by the Singh Lab at McMaster has developed a treatment that shows promise in blocking and destroying tumours in the most aggressive form of brain cancer. The research, published this month in Nature Medicine, reveals a newly discovered pathway that cancer cells use to infiltrate the brain in glioblastoma, offering new hope and potential treatments. Cu more PR

WEST LAFAYETTE, Indiana, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Purdue University issued the following news release: Purdue University and Eli Lilly and Company are strengthening their long-standing strategic research collaboration with the announcement of the Eli Lilly and Company and Purdue University Research Alliance Center (LPRC). The partnership advances bold science through discovery, innovation, education and technology transfer to improve health outcomes around the world. The LPRC will serve as an essen more PR

MOUNT PLEASANT, Michigan, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Central Michigan University issued the following news: * * * CMU breaks previous high tally by $13 million * * * By Eric Baerren Central Michigan University's Office of Research and Graduate Studies set a record in raising research-related funds, topping the old mark by 48 percent. ORGS raised $38 million during the fiscal year that ended June 30. It was also the third straight year that CMU raised more than $25 million in grants and contracts, more PR

PRINCETON, New Jersey, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs issued the following news: Princeton SPIA's Research Record series highlights the vast scholarly achievements of our faculty members, whose expertise extends beyond the classroom and into everyday life. If you'd like your work considered for future editions of Research Record, click here (https://wkf.ms/3Haap7f) and select "research project." The Details Author: Deborah Pearlstein, di more PR

DARWIN, Australia, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Charles Darwin University issued the following news: Online platforms which once promised to make learning from universities such as Harvard and Stanford available to the masses are turning education into a product which can be traded, bought, or sold according to a new book challenging the ethics of these sites. Charles Darwin University (CDU) digital initiatives expert Dr Seb Dianati, who is an academic lead in the Learning Futures team within Education more PR

LA JOLLA, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of California San Diego campus issued the following news: * * * Findings shed light on how the human brain turns words into thoughts * * * For decades, scientists have focused on how the brain processes information in a hierarchical manner, with different brain areas specialized for different tasks. However, how these areas communicate and integrate information to form a coherent whole has remained a mystery. Now, researchers at Univer more PR

SAN FRANCISCO, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of California San Francisco campus issued the following news release: * * * Study finds access issues are common and states could do more to ensure children get the care they need. * * * When states require insurers to cover mental and behavioral health, children get better access to care, according to a UC San Francisco-led study of nearly 30,000 U.S. caregivers. They found that 1 in 8 caregivers had difficulty accessing mental  more PR

LOS ANGELES, California, Aug. 12 (TNSres) -- The University of Southern California's Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics issued the following news release on Aug. 11, 2024: * * * USC study reveals that people are more familiar with tried-and-true names for climate change - including climate change. * * * The terms "climate change" and "global warming" are not only more familiar to people than some of their most common synonyms, but they also generate more concern about the warm more PR

RALEIGH, North Carolina, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- North Carolina State University issued the following news release: When it comes to successful organizations, communication is key. But what does successful communication look like? A new study from North Carolina State University examines communication dynamics within a successful organization, uncovering the crucial role of position and discovering the prevalence of "shortcuts" across the hierarchy. "I study networks, and this project has two: an  more PR

KONGENS LYNGBY, Denmark, Aug. 12 (TNSres) -- The Technical University of Denmark issued the following news: A large-scale EU project headed by DTU researchers has shown that the fishing industry can create valuable products out of those parts of the fish that have so far been mixed together for animal feed or simply discarded. Of the more than five million tonnes of fish processed annually in the European fishing industry, perhaps three million tonnes today end up as animal feed or unused wast more PR

ROLLA, Missouri, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Missouri University of Science and Technology issued the following news: By Peter Ehrhard Ta-Chun Lin and Stephen Owusu have earned the inaugural Shi/Ma Award for Excellence in Biomedical Research at Missouri S&T. The winners are granted a $1,000 award in recognition of their contributions to the field of biomedical research. Ta-Chun Lin, a graduate student in biological sciences from Taoyuan, Taiwan, was awarded for research titled "Evaluating the Impact  more PR

RIVERSIDE, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of California Riverside campus issued the following Q&A on Aug. 12, 2024, with Paul D'Anieri, political scientist and the author of 'Ukraine and Russia: From Civilized Divorce to Uncivil War': * * * A Russia-Ukraine expert and author says at least one of Ukraine's objectives has already been met * * * The Ukraine brought war to Russia's doorstep with a recent cross-border attack into the Kursk region of Russia. As Russia has been maki more PR

LA JOLLA, California, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of California San Diego campus issued the following news: * * * Researchers infer that stores of water must exist in planet's crust * * * Data about Mars' planetary crust gathered from the Mars InSight lander are best explained by the conclusion that the crust has stores of liquid water. Analysis led by Vashan Wright, a geophysicist at UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography, provides the best evidence to date that the plan more PR

CHICAGO, Illinois, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Chicago issued the following news: * * * Editor's note: This story is part of Meet a UChicagoan, a regular series focusing on the people who make UChicago a distinct intellectual community. Read about the others here [View story in the link at bottom.]. * * * Where does physics meet biology? For biophysicist Jasmine Nirody, the intersection lies in locomotion, or how things move. It's both a direct application of fundamental mechanics more PR

ST. CATHERINES, Ontario, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Brock University issued the following news: Increasing the efficiency of solar energy and combating drug resistance were two of many research topics showcased at the Faculty of Mathematics and Science Undergraduate Research Symposium. More than two dozen students exhibited posters and discussed their research with faculty members and peers during the second annual event on Thursday, Aug. 8. Irene Charley, a third-year Biomedical Sciences student, s more PR

CHARLOTTETOWN, Prince Edward Island, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Prince Edward Island issued the following news release: Researchers from UPEI's Active Living Lab are seeking people with cancer, or who have previously had cancer, to participate in a twice-weekly, 12-week exercise program. "Exercise has tremendous physical and mental health benefits for cancer patients and survivors," said Dr. Travis Saunders, professor and acting chair, UPEI Department of Applied Human Sciences. "We  more PR

CHARLOTTETOWN, Prince Edward Island, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Prince Edward Island issued the following news release: Dr. Greg Naterer, Vice-President, Academic and Research, at UPEI, recently received an international award from the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). During the AIAA's annual Aviation Forum held in Las Vegas from July 31 to August 2, Dr. Naterer was presented with the 2024 AIAA Thermophysics Award. This award is presented for an "outstandin more PR

RICHMOND, Virginia, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- Virginia Commonwealth University issued the following news: * * * They are refining the language and elements of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to make it more inclusive and less stigmatizing. * * * By Caitlin Hanbury, School of Nursing A researcher and the interim dean of Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Nursing have received $50,000 to support their revision of a notable screening tool for maternal mental health: the Edinburgh more PR

ANN ARBOR, Michigan, Aug. 13 (TNSres) -- The University of Michigan's Ford School of Public Policy issued the following news: Family support for young learners--both during school and outside of school hours--can be crucial for developing key academic skills like reading. Gauging family support can be difficult, though, especially when multiple languages are involved, but new research explores the phenomenon of family support across both English and Spanish speaking families. Researchers from  more PR