WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following fact sheet on the Inauguration Day (No. R46639) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Maya V. Thomas, reference and digital services librarian: * * * Introduction Inauguration Day is a quadrennial legal holiday in the District of Columbia and neighboring parts of Maryland and Virginia, observed when the President and the Vice President are sworn into office on January 20. If January 20 falls on a Sunday, Inauguration Day is  more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the accounting and auditing regulatory structure, U.S. and international (No. IF10701) on Jan. 5, 2023, by financial economics analyst Raj Gnanarajah: * * * Introduction to Financial Services: Accounting and Auditing Regulatory Structure, U.S. and International This In Focus provides an overview of how accounting and auditing standards are created and regulated in the private sector, more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (No. IF11741) on Jan. 3, 2023, by military ground forces specialist Andrew Feickert. Here are excerpts: * * * The Army's Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) Background The Army describes the Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV), a tracked support vehicle, in the following section. 'The Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) is the replacemen more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on banking (No. IF10035) on Jan. 5, 2023, by financial economics analysts Raj Gnanarajah and Andrew P. Scott. Here are excerpts: * * * Introduction to Financial Services: Banking Banks serve an important role in the financial system and broader economy. They aggregate the savings of households and businesses and lend to individuals, businesses, and federal and local governments. Econom more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on a brief introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program (No. IF10988) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Diane P. Horn, flood insurance and emergency management specialist: * * * A Brief Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is the primary source of flood insurance coverage for residential properties in the United States. The NFIP has more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on a brief overview of Federal Emergency Management Agency's Individual Assistance Program (No. IF11298) on Jan. 3, 2023, by Elizabeth M. Webster, emergency management and disaster recovery analyst. Here are excerpts: * * * A Brief Overview of FEMA's Individual Assistance Program When a disaster occurs, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) may assist individuals with their r more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the business cycle and growth (No. IF10411) on Jan. 3, 2023, by macroeconomic policy analyst Lida R. Weinstock. Here are excerpts: * * * Introduction to U.S. Economy: The Business Cycle and Growth On July 19, 2021, the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), an independent, nonprofit research group, announced that economic activity in the United States reached a post-COVID-19  more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on China's global investments (No. IF12035) on Jan. 3, 2023, by Andres B. Schwarzenberg, international trade and finance analyst: * * * China's Global Investments: Data and Transparency Challenges During the past 20 years, the People's Republic of China (PRC or China) has significantly increased its investment overseas. In 1999, China launched its "Go Global Strategy" to support the ex more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the Congressional involvement in the design of circulating coins (No. IF10533) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Congress specialist Jacob R. Straus. Here are excerpts: * * * Congressional Involvement in the Design of Circulating Coins In April 1792, the Coinage Act (1 Stat. 246) established the United States Mint. Pursuant to the act, Congress prescribed various aspects of the design of circula more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on elections and voting (No. IF12291) on Jan. 5, 2023, by American national government specialist R. Sam Garrett and legislative attorney L. Paige Whitaker: * * * Elections and Voting: Policy and Legal Issues for the 118th Congress Traditionally, the federal government's role in campaigns and elections primarily includes regulating campaign finance, protecting voting rights, and support more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the federal tax gap (No. IF11887) on Jan. 4, 2023, by public finance analyst Gary Guenther. Here are excerpts: * * * Federal Tax Gap: Size, Contributing Factors, and the Debate over Reducing It Federal Tax Gap The federal tax gap is a measure of taxpayer noncompliance. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) provides two estimates of the gap: a gross measure and a net measure. The forme more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the foreign government employment by Armed Services retirees (No. IF12276) on Jan. 5, 2023, by Alan Ott, defense and intelligence personnel policy analyst. Here are excerpts: * * * Foreign Government Employment by Armed Services Retirees Background In 2021, the Washington Post filed Freedom of Information Act requests with the Department of Defense (DOD) and Department of State (D more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the housing market (No. IF11327) on Jan. 3, 2023, by macroeconomic policy analyst Lida R. Weinstock. Here are excerpts: * * * Introduction to U.S. Economy: Housing Market The Housing Market Real estate and the housing market play an important role in the U.S. economy. At the individual level, roughly 65% of occupied housing units are owner occupied, homes are often a substantial so more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Rural Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing program (No. IF12060) on Jan. 5, 2023, by economic development policy analyst Joseph V. Jaroscak. Here are excerpts: * * * HUD Rural Capacity Building for Community Development and Affordable Housing (RCB) Program The Rural Capacity Building for Community Develo more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on Indonesia - GHG emissions and climate change policy (No. IF12300) on Jan. 6, 2023. The white paper was written by Natural Resources Policy specialist Pervaze A. Sheikh, Asian affairs specialists Bruce Vaughn and Ben Dolven; and research assistant Elisabeth Lohre. Here are excerpts: * * * Indonesia: GHG Emissions and Climate Change Policy Introduction The Republic of Indonesia faces more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on industrial policy and international trade (No. IF11298) on Jan. 3, 2023, by Andres B. Schwarzenberg, international trade and finance analyst: * * * Industrial Policy and International Trade Supply-chain vulnerabilities revealed by the COVID-19 pandemic have intensified debate in Congress about the proper role of the government in the U.S. economy. The debate also reflects growing con more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 6 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on procurement (No. IF10599) on Jan. 5, 2023, by defense acquisition policy analyst Heidi M. Peters and defense budget analyst Brendan W. McGarry. Here are excerpts: * * * Defense Primer: Procurement Background While procurement implies a process of obtaining goods or services, the word also refers to a specific title and associated accounts within the annual National Defense Authoriz more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on productivity (No. IF10557) on Jan. 3, 2023, by macroeconomic policy analyst Lida R. Weinstock. Here are excerpts: * * * Introduction to U.S. Economy: Productivity What Is Productivity? Productivity is broadly defined as the ratio of output to inputs. With respect to the economy, productivity measures how efficiently goods and services can be produced by comparing the amount of econ more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the quarter and half dollar coins (No. IF11394) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Congress specialist Jacob R. Straus. Here are excerpts: * * * Quarter and Half Dollar Coins: History and Current Status The Secretary of the Treasury, through the U.S. Mint, is statutorily authorized to issue specific denominations of circulating coins (31 U.S.C. Sec.5112). Currently, the United States has six circ more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the redesigning circulating quarters, half dollars and dollar coins (No. IF11773) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Congress specialist Jacob R. Straus. Here are excerpts: * * * Redesigning Circulating Quarters, Half Dollars, and Dollar Coins: Current and Future Designs In January 2021, the Circulating Collectible Coin Redesign Act of 2020 (P.L. 116-330) was enacted. The legislation authorizes th more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 (No. IF11346) on Jan. 3, 2023, by Andres B. Schwarzenberg, international trade and finance analyst: * * * Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974 grants the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) a range of responsibilities and authorities to investigate and take action to enforce U.S. rights  more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from China (No. IF11582) on Jan. 3, 2023, by Andres B. Schwarzenberg, international trade and finance analyst. Here are excerpts: * * * Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on U.S. Imports from China In 2018, the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) determined, pursuant to an investigation under "Section 301" (Title III of the Trade Act of 197 more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the U.S. Agency for International Development (No. IF10261) on Jan. 3, 2023, by Emily M. McCabe, foreign assistance and foreign policy analyst. Here are excerpts: * * * U.S. Agency for International Development: An Overview Background The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is the lead international humanitarian and development arm of the U.S. government. Established i more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on the U.S. Global Health Funding, Fiscal 2020-Fiscal 2023 Appropriations (No. IF11758) on Jan. 4, 2023, by global health specialist Tiaji Salaam-Blyther and acting research assistant Catherine L. Able-Thomas. Here are excerpts: * * * U.S. Global Health Funding: FY2020-FY2023 Appropriations Background Congress has appropriated significant increases in global health funding in recent  more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following In Focus white paper on Ukraine and international financial institutions (No. IF12107) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Martin A. Weiss, international trade and finance specialist. Here are excerpts: * * * Ukraine and International Financial Institutions Russia's war against Ukraine has devastated the Ukrainian economy and is having widespread repercussions in Europe and around the world. While the economic impact is l more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following Insight white paper on the National Flood Insurance Program (No. IN10835) on Jan. 4, 2023, by Diane P. Horn, flood insurance and emergency management specialist. Here are excerpts: * * * What Happens If the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Lapses? This Insight provides a short overview of what would happen if the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) were not to be reauthorized by September 30, 20 more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following Legal Sidebar white paper on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau's funding authority is unconstitutional (No. LSB10891) on Jan. 4, 2023, by legislative attorneys Sean M. Stiff and David H. Carpenter: * * * Fifth Circuit: CFPB's Funding Authority is Unconstitutional In 2010, Congress established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the CFPB or Bureau) as an independent bureau within the Federal Res more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following Legal Sidebar white paper on the U.S. Sentencing Commission to resolve circuit splits on controlled substances and sentencing reductions (No. LSB10890) on Dec. 30, 2022, by legislative attorney Dave S. Sidhu: * * * Back in Action, the U.S. Sentencing Commission to Resolve Circuit Splits on Controlled Substances and Sentencing Reductions In 1984, Congress revolutionized federal sentencing. That year, Congres more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R43389) on Dec. 23, 2022, entitled "The Debt Limit Since 2011" by economic policy analyst D. Andrew Austin. Here are excerpts: * * * Summary The Constitution grants Congress the power to borrow money on the credit of the United States - one part of Congress' power of the purse - and thus mandates congressional control over federal debt. Control of debt policy has at times provided Congress with more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R43389) on Dec. 23, 2022, entitled "The Debt Limit Since 2011:" (Continued from Part 1 of 3) * * * The Debt Limit in 2013 Debt Limit Reached at End of December 2012 On December 26, 2012, the U.S. Treasury stated that the debt would reach its limit on December 31 and that the Treasury Secretary would declare a debt issuance suspension period to authorize extraordinary measures (noted above, de more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R43389) on Dec. 23, 2022, entitled "The Debt Limit Since 2011:" (Continued from Part 2 of 3) * * * The Debt Limit in 2015 The debt limit, which had been suspended through March 15, 2015, was reestablished the following day at $18,113 billion. The debt limit was raised, in essence, by the sum of payments made during the suspension period to meet federal obligations./117 Treasury's Extraordinar more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R44383) on Dec. 20, 2022, entitled "Deficits, Debt, and the Economy: An Introduction" by public finance specialist Grant A. Driessen. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY The federal government incurs a budget deficit when its total outgoing payments (outlays) exceed the total money it collects (revenues). If instead federal revenues are greater than outlays, then the federal government generates a more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47239) on Dec. 21, 2022, entitled "Department of Homeland Security Appropriations: Fiscal 2023 State of Play" by William L. Painter, homeland security and appropriations specialist. Here are excerpts: * * * Contents Introduction ... 1 If Annual Appropriations Are Not Enacted Before the New Fiscal Year Begins ... 1 If a Continuing Resolution Is Not Active ... 2 The FY2023 DHS Appropriatio more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47377) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress" by macroeconomic policy specialist Marc Labonte. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY The responsibilities of the Federal Reserve (Fed) fall into four main categories: monetary policy, regulation of certain banks and other financial firms, provision and oversight of certain payment systems, and lender of last r more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47377) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress:" (Continued from Part 1 of 3) * * * Bank Regulation The Fed supervises bank holding companies (BHCs) and thrift holding companies - parent companies that own nearly all large and most small depositories as subsidiaries - for safety and soundness./35 The Fed is also the primary prudential regulator of most t more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47377) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "Federal Reserve: Policy Issues in the 118th Congress:" (Continued from Part 2 of 3) * * * Payments Because banks and select other institutions maintain master accounts at the Fed to hold their reserves, those accounts can be used to facilitate interbank payments. To that end, the Fed operates the following wholesale payment systems for those institutions: * t more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R46014) on Jan. 3, 2023, entitled "FEMA Individual Assistance Programs: An Overview" by Elizabeth M. Webster, emergency management and disaster recovery analyst. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY Following a presidential declaration of emergency or major disaster under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act; P.L. 93-288, as amended; 42 U.S.C. Sec.Sec.51 more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47351) on Dec. 21, 2022, entitled "Immigrants' Access to Health Care" by immigration policy analyst Abigail F. Kolker and health services specialist Elayne J. Heisler. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY Immigrants' Access to Health Care This report discusses the eligibility criteria for noncitizen populations for various federal health care coverage programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, and A more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47351) on Dec. 21, 2022, entitled "Immigrants' Access to Health Care:" (Continued from Part 1 of 3) * * * Health Coverage Eligibility This section reviews noncitizen eligibility for federally funded health insurance programs./57 It also includes a discussion of noncitizen eligibility for financial subsidies made available through the ACA. Title IV of the Personal Responsibility and Work Oppo more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47351) on Dec. 21, 2022, entitled "Immigrants' Access to Health Care:" (Continued from Part 2 of 3) * * * Health Care Settings and Public Health Services While federal law excludes nonqualified aliens (see the "Qualified Alien" section above) from many types of federal health insurance coverage, they may be able to receive some health services supported through federal grant programs. Certain more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. RS22389) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "An Introduction to the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit" by economics specialist Mark P. Keightley. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY The low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) program is the federal government's primary policy tool for encouraging the development and rehabilitation of affordable rental housing. The program awards developers federal tax credits to more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R44593) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program" by Diane P. Horn, flood insurance and emergency management specialist, and Baird Webel, acting section research manager. Here are excerpts: * * * Summary The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) was established by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (NFIA; 42 U.S.C. Sec.4001 et seq.) and was most re more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R44593) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program:" (Continued from Part 1 of 3) * * * Primary Flood Insurance Through the NFIP Standard Flood Insurance Policies (SFIPs) FEMA has considerable discretion under the law to craft the details of the flood insurance policies it sells through the NFIP./53 Currently, there are three policies that the NFIP uses to more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 7 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R44593) on Jan. 6, 2023, entitled "Introduction to the National Flood Insurance Program:" (Continued from Part 2 of 3) * * * Nonparticipating Communities and Community Suspension FEMA enforces two regulatory conditions - probation and suspension - for removing a participating community from the NFIP. Whether or not a particular community has either been placed on probation or suspended can be  more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. RS22536) on Jan. 4, 2023, entitled "Overview of the Federal Procurement Process and Resources" by Dominick A. Fiorentino, government organization and management analyst: * * * Summary In the basic federal procurement process, acquisition personnel, after determining their agencies' requirements (that is, the goods and services the agencies need), post solicitations on the federal government's SA more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47174) on Dec. 21, 2022, entitled "The Pillar 2 Global Minimum Tax: Implications for U.S. Tax Policy" by economic policy senior specialist Jane G. Gravelle and economics specialist Mark P. Keightley. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY In response to concerns about multinational corporations shifting profits to low-tax countries, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) a more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47373) on Jan. 4, 2023, entitled "Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress." The report was written by science and technology policy specialist Frank Gottron, Daniel Morgan and John F. Sargent Jr.; science and technology policy analysts Todd Kuiken, Emily G. Blevins, Kristen E. Busch, Marcy E. Gallo and Laurie A. Harris; environmental policy specialist Laura Gatz, environmental policy more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47373) on Jan. 4, 2023, entitled "Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress:" (Continued from Part 1 of 5) * * * Biotechnology and Biomedical Research Recent advances in biotechnology and biomedical research hold the promise of longer and healthier lives and more productive industry while raising policy challenges. Some issues that the 118th Congress may face include those relating  more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47373) on Jan. 4, 2023, entitled "Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress:" (Continued from Part 2 of 5) * * * Defense S&T play an important role in national defense. DOD relies on a robust R&D effort to develop new military systems and improve existing systems. Issues that may come before the 118th Congress regarding DOD's S&T activities include budgetary concerns, the effectiven more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47373) on Jan. 4, 2023, entitled "Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress:" (Continued from Part 3 of 5) * * * Information Technology and Social Media Rapid advancements in information technologies present several issues for congressional policymakers, including those related to artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, social media platforms, big tech and online platforms, immersiv more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 5 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R47373) on Jan. 4, 2023, entitled "Science and Technology Issues for the 118th Congress:" (Continued from Part 4 of 5) * * * Telecommunications Telecommunication technologies present several issues for policymakers in the 118th Congress, including those related to 5G technologies, broadband deployment and the digital divide, undersea cables, federal spectrum auctions and allocations, and FCC an more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R44000) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief" by Middle Eastern affairs specialists Jim Zanotti and Clayton Thomas. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY U.S. relations with Turkey take place within a complicated geopolitical environment and with Turkey in economic distress. U.S.-Turkey tensions that worsened after a failed 2016 coup in Turkey - including ongoin more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 3 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R44000) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations In Brief:" (Continued from part 1 of 2) * * * Turkish Foreign Policy General Assessment Turkey's strategic orientation, or how it relates to and balances between the West and other global and regional powers, is a major consideration for the United States. Trends in Turkey's relations with the United States and other cou more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R41368) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations" by Middle Eastern affairs specialists Jim Zanotti and Clayton Thomas. Here are excerpts: * * * SUMMARY U.S. relations with Turkey take place within a complicated geopolitical environment and with Turkey in economic distress. U.S.-Turkey tensions that worsened after a failed 2016 coup in Turkey - including ongoing disagre more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R41368) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations:" (Continued from Part 1 of 5) * * * Country Overview and the Erdogan Era Turkey's large and diversified economy, strong military, Muslim-majority population of over 83 million, and geographic position straddling Europe and the Middle East make it a significant power in both regions. For decades since its founding in the more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R41368) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations:" (Continued from Part 2 of 5) * * * Turkish Foreign Policy General Assessment Turkey's strategic orientation, or how it relates to and balances between the West and other global and regional powers, is a major consideration for the United States. Trends in Turkey's relations with the United States and other countries r more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R41368) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations:" (Continued from Part 3 of 5) * * * NATO Accession Process for Sweden and Finland Sweden and Finland formally applied to join NATO in May 2022, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Turkey objected to the formal start of the two countries' accession process, delaying it for more than a month. Under Article 10 of the N more PR

WASHINGTON, Jan. 2 (TNSrep) -- The Congressional Research Service issued the following report (No. R41368) on Dec. 22, 2022, entitled "Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations:" (Continued from Part 4 of 5) * * * U.S. Relations U.S. and Turkish officials maintain that bilateral cooperation on regional security matters remains mutually important,/230 despite Turkey's S-400 purchase from Russia and a number of other differences between them (such as in Syria and with Greece and Cyprus). U.S. off more PR